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财经聚焦丨总量合理、结构向优——透视7月金融数据_我的网站

一 |       北京8月14日电 题：总量合理、结构向优——透视7月金融数据  记者吴雨、任军  中国人民银行8月14日发布了7月主要金融统计数据：社会融资规模存量同比增长7.4%，广义货币（M2）余额同比增长7.7%，人民币贷款余额同比增长5.1%……一系列数据展现出金融总量合理增长，信贷供给充足。信贷资金主要流向了哪些领域？如何理解主要数据变化？  中国人民银行当日发布的金融统计数据显示，7月末，我国社会融资规模存量为463.27万亿元，同比增长7.4%；M2余额为355.51万亿元，同比增长7.7%。    GREENWOOD, Ark. -- Ricky Dority spends most of his days playing with his grandchildren, feeding chickens and working in the yard where he lives with his son's family.It's a jarring change from where he was just several months ago, locked in a cell serving a life prison sentence at Oklahoma's Joseph Harp Correctional Center in a killing he said he didn't commit. After more than two decades behind bars, Dority had no chance at being released — until he used his pandemic relief funds to hire a dogged private investigator. The investigator and students at the Oklahoma Innocence Project at Oklahoma City University, which is dedicated to exonerating wrongful convictions in the state, found inconsistencies in the state's account of a 1997 cold-case killing, and Dority's conviction was vacated in June by a Sequoyah County judge.Now, the 65-year-old says he’s enjoying the 5-acre property in a quiet neighborhood of well-to-do homes in the rolling, forested hills of the Arkansas River Valley outside of Fort Smith. “If you’re gone for a lot of years, you don’t take it for granted anymore.”Dority is one of nearly 3,400 people who have been exonerated across the country since 1989, mostly over murder convictions, according to the National Registry of Exonerations. In Oklahoma, there have been more than 43 exonerations in that time, not including three new exonerations this year. The cases underscore a serious problem facing a judicial system in which many old convictions resulted from overworked defense attorneys, shoddy forensic work, overzealous prosecutors and outdated investigative techniques.The problem is particularly acute given Oklahoma's history of sending people to death row, where 11 inmates have been exonerated since 1981. The issue has pushed a Republican-led legislative panel to consider whether a death penalty moratorium should be imposed.In Oklahoma County, Glynn Ray Simmons was freed after spending nearly 50 years in prison, including time on death row, in a 1974 killing after a judge determined prosecutors failed to turn over evidence in the case, including a police report that showed an eyewitness might have identified other suspects.And just this week, Perry Lott, who served more than 30 years in prison, had his rape and burglary conviction vacated in Pontotoc County after new DNA testing excluded him as the perpetrator. Pontotoc County, in particular, has come under intense scrutiny for a series of wrongful convictions in the 1980s that have been the subject of numerous books, including John Grisham’s “The Innocent Man,” which he produced into a six-part documentary on Netflix. The most common causes of wrongful convictions are eyewitness misidentification, misapplication of forensic science, false confessions, coerced pleas and official misconduct, generally by police or prosecutors, according to the Innocence Project, a national organization based in New York.In Dority's case, he said he was railroaded by an overzealous sheriff and a state prosecutor eager to solve the killing of 28-year-old Mitchell Nixon, who was found beaten to death in 1997.Investigators who reopened the case in 2014 coerced a confession from another man, Rex Robbins, according to Andrea Miller, the legal director of the Oklahoma Innocence Project. Robbins, who would plead guilty to manslaughter in Nixon's killing, implicated Dority, who at the time was in a federal prison on a firearms conviction. Dority said he knew he didn't have anything to do with the crime and found paperwork that proved he had been arrested on the day of the killing.“I thought I was clear because I knew I didn’t have anything do with that murder,” Dority said. “But they tried me for it and found me guilty of it.”Jurors heard about Robbins' confession and testimony from a police informant who said Dority had changed bloody clothes at his house the night of the killing. They convicted him of first-degree murder and recommended a sentence of life without parole.After years in prison, while most inmates spent their federal COVID-19 relief check in the commissary, Dority used his to hire a private investigator, he said. Bobby Staton had mostly investigated insurance fraud, but he took on the case and realized quickly that it was riddled with holes, Staton said. He eventually turned to the university's Oklahoma Innocence Project, which assigned a law student, Abby Brawner, to help investigate.Their investigation turned when Staton and Brawner visited Robbins in the maximum-security Oklahoma State Reformatory in Granite, and he recanted his statement implicating Dority. “It was pretty intimidating,” Brawner said. “Especially when you're going in to meet someone who doesn't know you're coming and doesn't want to talk to you.”Brawner and Staton also learned the informant didn't live at the home where he told investigators Staton showed up in bloody clothes. When the actual homeowner testified at a hearing this summer, the judge dismissed the case.Dority's original attorneys were ineffective for not discovering the informant didn't live at the home, the judge said, giving prosecutors 90 days to decide whether they will retry him. That three months has been extended, and prosecutors have said they intend to ask the judge for more time for DNA testing. Dority, confident in his innocence, said he's not concerned about additional forensic testing.Sequoyah County District Attorney Jack Thorp and former Sheriff Ron Lockhart did not respond to requests for comment from The Associated Press. But Assistant District Attorney James Dunn, who is overseeing the case and was not in the office when it was originally prosecuted, said he agreed with the judge's dismissal after hearing the homeowner's testimony and learning a witness “was not credible.” “The last thing I want to see is an innocent person in prison for a crime they didn't commit," Dunn said. "Because that means the person who actually did commit the crime, or those persons, are still out there.” Meanwhile, Dority is learning to use a smartphone and the television remote control, he said. He's thankful to Staton and the Innocence Project and says his case proves others are wrongfully imprisoned in Oklahoma.“After they’ve done what they’ve done to me, I know there are people in that prison who are innocent that need to be out and need help getting out,” he said. “If they hadn’t gotten me out, I’d have been in there for the rest of my life.”。  “社融规模存量、M2等金融总量保持合理增长，同比增速均继续高于名义GDP增速，说明社会融资条件整体是比较宽松的。

二 | ”北京大学光华管理学院院长田轩说，社会融资规模涵盖贷款、债券、股票等多种融资方式，M2的创造也包括银行发放贷款、增持债券、向企业和居民净结汇等方式。这两项指标分别从资产和负债等不同角度，较为全面地反映了金融总量的变化。

三 |   今年以来，债券融资增长较多，推动社融规模持续较快增长。前7个月企业债券数据表现突出，企业债券净融资2.52万亿元，同比多1.1万亿元。  “近些年，多层次资本市场建设提速，债券融资、股票融资、私募股权投资等渠道显著拓宽，企业对传统银行贷款的依赖度正逐步降低。

四 | ”田轩说。  在总量平稳增长的同时，信贷结构也在持续优化。数据显示，前7个月，我国企（事）业单位贷款增加11万亿元，其中中长期贷款增加5.32万亿元，占比近五成。

五 |   具体来看，金融“活水”流向哪些领域？中国人民银行的一组数据或能给出答案：  7月末，普惠小微贷款余额38.19万亿元，同比增长9%，不含房地产业的服务业中长期贷款余额61.94万亿元，同比增长9.3%，均高于同期各项贷款增速。  结构优化的背后，是结构性货币政策工具不断发力显效。

六 |   今年以来，中国人民银行新创设结构性货币政策工具，还完善了部分存量政策要素，扩大工具规模和支持范围，不断激励引导金融机构加大对重点领域的金融支持力度。  今年1月，中国人民银行新设1万亿元民营企业再贷款，激励引导地方法人金融机构支持中小微民营企业。7月末，民营企业再贷款余额约8000亿元。  中国人民银行发布的2026年第二季度中国货币政策执行报告显示，二季度末，地方法人金融机构中小微民营企业贷款余额约15万亿元，惠及市场经营主体约250万户。

七 | 上半年，地方法人金融机构新发放中小微民营企业贷款加权平均利率较去年同期下降40个基点。  金融助力民营企业蓬勃发展，折射出一系列金融举措正为经济持续向新向优创造适宜的货币金融环境。  对此，中国人民银行提供的另一组数据可以印证：6月末，支持做好金融“五篇大文章”的结构性货币政策工具余额4.6万亿元；科技贷款、绿色贷款、普惠贷款、养老产业贷款、数字经济产业贷款分别同比增长12.6%、14.5%、7.8%、23.5%、15.1%，均高于同期全部贷款增速。

八 |   西南财经大学中国金融研究院副院长董青马认为，下一步，要继续发挥好货币信贷政策的激励引导作用，不断提升金融服务实体经济的能力和效果。同时，加强与财政、产业等政策协同，共同为实体经济发展营造更优的金融环境。  在金融精准滴灌的同时，综合融资成本也在持续下降。今年以来，我国贷款利率保持低位水平，7月延续低位运行态势。  记者从中国人民银行了解到，7月份，企业新发放贷款加权平均利率略低于3%，比上年同期低约0.2个百分点；个人住房新发放贷款加权平均利率约3.1%，与上年同期基本持平。  “利率是资金供求关系的价格信号，贷款利率呈现下行态势，表明信贷投放已较为充分。”光大证券固定收益首席分析师张旭说，随着明示企业贷款综合融资成本工作持续推进，企业融资成本更加透明，有助于进一步减轻经营主体融资负担，促进社会综合融资成本低位运行。  业内人士认为，随着新动能加速培育，金融机构将深挖细分市场有效需求。在融资渠道更加丰富、资源配置更加优化、金融适配性不断增强的背景下，宏观政策协同发力效果将进一步显现，金融需求有望持续稳步释放。

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